1,758,241 results on '"Environmental science"'
Search Results
2. EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergy and asthma: The impact of short‐term exposure to outdoor air pollutants on asthma‐related outcomes and recommendations for mitigation measures.
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Agache, Ioana, Annesi‐Maesano, Isabella, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Biagioni, Benedetta, Chung, Kian Fan, Clot, Bernard, D'Amato, Gennaro, Damialis, Athanasios, Giacco, Stefano, Dominguez‐Ortega, Javier, Galàn, Carmen, Gilles, Stefanie, Holgate, Stephen, Jeebhay, Mohamed, Kazadzis, Stelios, Nadeau, Kari, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos, Quirce, Santiago, Sastre, Joaquin, and Tummon, Fiona
- Abstract
The EAACI Guidelines on the impact of short‐term exposure to outdoor pollutants on asthma‐related outcomes provide recommendations for prevention, patient care and mitigation in a framework supporting rational decisions for healthcare professionals and patients to individualize and improve asthma management and for policymakers and regulators as an evidence‐informed reference to help setting legally binding standards and goals for outdoor air quality at international, national and local levels. The Guideline was developed using the GRADE approach and evaluated outdoor pollutants referenced in the current Air Quality Guideline of the World Health Organization as single or mixed pollutants and outdoor pesticides. Short‐term exposure to all pollutants evaluated increases the risk of asthma‐related adverse outcomes, especially hospital admissions and emergency department visits (moderate certainty of evidence at specific lag days). There is limited evidence for the impact of traffic‐related air pollution and outdoor pesticides exposure as well as for the interventions to reduce emissions. Due to the quality of evidence, conditional recommendations were formulated for all pollutants and for the interventions reducing outdoor air pollution. Asthma management counselled by the current EAACI guidelines can improve asthma‐related outcomes but global measures for clean air are needed to achieve significant impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Expanding our thought horizons in systems biology and medicine.
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Lovejoy, Jennifer C.
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SYSTEMS biology , *HUMAN biology , *MENSTRUAL cycle - Abstract
This article explores the importance of integration in systems biology and medicine research, highlighting the need to address fragmentation and biases in the field. It emphasizes the significance of considering the exposome, which encompasses cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors, in research. The article identifies challenges in implementing systems biology and medicine approaches, such as cost, participant burden, imprecise measures, limited cross-disciplinary implementation of analytical tools, and regulatory barriers. It concludes by emphasizing the need for a paradigm shift in healthcare and the translation of scientific discoveries into clinical care. The document also includes references and acknowledgments related to systems biology and systems medicine, covering topics such as social environments and health, wearable devices, bias in research, stress management, and the impact of genetics and the environment on health. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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4. Basin Development Paths: Lessons From the Colorado and Nile River Basins
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Wheeler, Kevin
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- 2024
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5. Gongye shui chuli
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environmental science ,industrial water treatment ,wastewater treatment ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Published
- 2024
6. Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University
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mechanics ,environmental science ,economics ,navigation ,maritime transport ,electrical engineering ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 ,Technology - Published
- 2024
7. Editorial: Women in biogeochemical dynamics research: 2022
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Claudia Cosio, Andrea G. Bravo, and Marta Sebastian
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women in STEM ,environmental science ,biogeochemical dynamics research ,gender equality ,diversity in science ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Published
- 2024
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8. Successive accumulation of biotic assemblages at a fine spatial scale along glacier-fed waters
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Qi Lu, Yongqin Liu, Jindong Zhao, and Meng Yao
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Environmental science ,Ecology ,Environmental Biotechnology ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Glacier-fed waters create strong environmental filtering for biota, whereby different organisms may assume distinct distribution patterns. By using environmental DNA-based metabarcoding, we investigated the multi-group biodiversity distribution patterns of the Parlung No. 4 Glacier, on the Tibetan Plateau. Altogether, 642 taxa were identified from the meltwater stream and the downstream Ranwu Lake, including 125 cyanobacteria, 316 diatom, 183 invertebrate, and 18 vertebrate taxa. As the distance increased from the glacier terminus, community complexity increased via sequential occurrences of cyanobacteria, diatoms, invertebrates, and vertebrates, as well as increasing taxa numbers. The stream and lake showed different community compositions and distinct taxa. Furthermore, the correlations with environmental factors and community assembly mechanisms showed group- and habitat-specific patterns. Our results reveal the rapid spatial succession and increasing community complexity along glacial flowpaths and highlight the varying adaptivity of different organisms, while also providing insight into the ecosystem responses to global change.
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- 2024
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9. Epidemiology of 369 diseases and injuries attributable to 84 risk factors: 1990–2019 with 2040 projection
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Kexin Zhang, Chengxia Kan, Jian Chen, Junfeng Shi, Yanhui Ma, Xiaoli Wang, Xuan Li, Weiqin Cai, Ruiyan Pan, Jingwen Zhang, Zhentao Guo, Fang Han, Ningning Hou, and Xiaodong Sun
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Health sciences ,Medical specialty ,Public health ,Natural sciences ,Environmental science ,Pollution ,Science - Abstract
Summary: The global burden of diseases and injuries poses complex and pressing challenges. This study analyzed 369 diseases and injuries attributed to 84 risk factors globally from 1990 to 2019, projecting trends to 2040. In 2019, global risks caused 35 million deaths. Non-communicable diseases were responsible for 8.2 million deaths, primarily from air pollution (5.5 million). Cardiovascular disease from air pollution had a high age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate (1,073.40). Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused 1.4 million deaths, mainly due to unsafe water and sanitation. Occupational risks resulted in 184,269 transport-related deaths. Behavioral risks caused 21.6 million deaths, with dietary factors causing 6.9 million cardiovascular deaths. Diabetes linked to sugar-sweetened beverages showed significant growth (1990–2019). Metabolic risks led to 18.6 million deaths. Projections to 2040 indicated persistent challenges, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions and policies to alleviate the global burden of diseases and injuries.
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- 2024
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10. Temporal variables improve a spatiotemporal species distribution model for the non-native freshwater fish Candidia temminckii
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Taichi Jibiki and Shinji Fukuda
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Environmental science ,Nature conservation ,Ecology ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Ecosystem conservation requires a deeper understanding of species-habitat relationships and population dynamics at a fine spatiotemporal resolution. We propose a new distribution modeling method based on a 5-year monthly survey that considers the temporal continuity of species distributions and physical habitat datasets by inputting continuous time-related variables. We employed random forests to relate the presence/absence of the non-native freshwater fish Candidia temminckii to physical habitat data at 15 sampling sites along a 1.4 km spring-fed river in Japan. The proposed method outperforms all conventional methods using datasets split into a specific time period to incorporate temporality into the model. The order of variable importance and shape of the partial dependence plots of the proposed method reflect species ecology and show a gradual shift over time compared to the conventional methods. These results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method to species distribution modeling using fine-scale spatiotemporal data.
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- 2024
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11. A nature-based closed-loop wastewater treatment system at vehicle-washing facilities: From linear to circular economy
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Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Arslan, Salman Younus, Jochen A. Müller, Muhammad Usman, Momina Yasin, Muhammad Aamer Mehmood, Tanveer Mehdi, Ejazul Islam, Muhammad Tauseef, and Samina Iqbal
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Environmental science ,Environmental Management ,Aquatic Sciences ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Pakistan, among the top five most water-stressed nations globally, grapples with water scarcity owing to inadequate treatment infrastructure and groundwater overextraction. We demonstrate a successful nature-based closed-loop system to treat wastewater from urban vehicle-washing facilities, previously reliant on groundwater. An eco-friendly integrated system containing floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF-CWs), and sand filtration (SF) was designed and installed at three vehicle-washing facilities for wastewater treatment and reuse in a loop. While the system is still operational after years, a consistent and significant reduction in water quality indicators is recorded, successfully meeting the national environmental quality standards of Pakistan. By reducing per unit water treatment costs to as low as $0.0163/m³ and achieving payback periods under a year, the embrace of these closed-loop strategies vividly underscores the imperative of transitioning to a circular economy in the domains of wastewater treatment and resource conservation.
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- 2024
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12. Expanding our thought horizons in systems biology and medicine
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Jennifer C. Lovejoy
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systems biology ,multi-omic analyses ,behavioral science ,environmental science ,precision medicine ,artificial intelligence ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Published
- 2024
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13. Intensifying urban imprint on land surface warming: Insights from local to global scale
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Pengke Shen and Shuqing Zhao
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Earth sciences ,Climatology ,Environmental science ,Global change ,Remote sensing ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Increasing urbanization exacerbates surface energy balance perturbations and the health risks of climate warming; however, it has not been determined whether urban-induced warming and attributions vary from local, regional, to global scale. Here, the local surface urban heat island (SUHI) is evidenced to manifest with an annual daily mean intensity of 0.99°C–1.10°C during 2003–2018 using satellite observations over 536 cities worldwide. Spatiotemporal patterns and mechanisms of SUHI tightly link with climate-vegetation conditions, with regional warming effect reaching up to 0.015°C–0.138°C (annual average) due to surface energy alterations. Globally, the SUHI footprint of 1,860 cities approximates to 1% of the terrestrial lands, about 1.8–2.9 times far beyond the urban impervious areas, suggesting the enlargements of the imprint of urban warming from local to global scales. With continuous development of urbanization, the implications for SUHI-added warming and scaling effects are considerably important on accelerating global warming.
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- 2024
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14. Evaluation method of agricultural environmental geological system state based on optimized particle swarm optimization algorithm.
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Li, Tao, Liu, C., Qu, Xingle, Guo, Linjia, and Fang, Jiangping
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PARTICLE swarm optimization , *AGRICULTURE , *EVALUATION methodology , *ENVIRONMENTAL geology - Abstract
The conventional evaluation methods for the state of agricultural environmental geological system mainly use the support vector regression (SVR) model to process the evaluation samples, which is vulnerable to the influence of the sensitive loss function, resulting in the high difference of the evaluation entropy. Therefore, a new evaluation method for the state of agricultural environmental geological system needs to be designed based on the optimized particle swarm optimization algorithm. That is to say, combining with the evolution process of regional agricultural environmental geology, the accurate state evaluation target is selected, the state evaluation system of agricultural environmental geology system is constructed, and the state evaluation model of agricultural environmental geology system is designed combined with the optimized particle swarm optimization algorithm, so as to complete the state evaluation of geological system. The results demonstrated the suggested methodology assesses the state of an agricultural environmental geological system. Key factors included soil texture (0.254), soil nutrient (0.118), and soil pH (0.256). It showed that the designed evaluation method of agricultural environmental geological system state based on optimized particle swarm optimization algorithm has good evaluation effect, reliability and certain application value, and has made certain contributions to the formulation of reasonable agricultural ecological protection scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Lessons Learned from a Cross-Institutional Environmental Engineering and Science Faculty-to-Faculty Mentoring Program.
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Fahrenfeld, N.L., Blaney, Lee, Good, Kelly D., Liu, Lu, Tehrani, Rouzbeh, and Selvaratnam, Thinesh
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ENVIRONMENTAL engineering , *ENVIRONMENTAL sciences , *MENTORING , *SATISFACTION - Abstract
A cross-institutional faculty mentoring program was initiated by the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors to support junior faculty. Across three cohorts, 117 junior-faculty mentees and 68 senior-faculty mentors have participated in this program. The second cohort was asked to complete a written survey to assess the program through collection of quantitative and qualitative data. Mentees reported that university type, personality, research area, and parental status were important characteristics in their mentors; however, the mentors had less specific preferences. Both mentees and mentors generally agreed upon the importance of various areas of growth and satisfaction with the program. Suggestions for future iterations of the program included additional program structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. "Signs, Signs, Everywhere the Signs": Interpretive Trail Signage for Biodiversity Education.
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Unger, Shem, Rollins, Mark, and Barrios, Nicole
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OUTDOOR recreation , *UNIVERSITY towns , *BIODIVERSITY , *SIGNAGE , *NATURE reserves - Abstract
Postsecondary science faculty face challenges in balancing the engagement of undergraduates and concomitantly ensuring they gain and retain knowledge, either in standard lectures or labs as well as in outdoor activities. Designing on-campus trails with interpretive signs may provide a unique avenue to inform students across majors of local biodiversity and tie in concepts related to ecology, organismal biology, and conservation. In this article, we evaluate the efficacy of course-specific interpretive signs deployed around a small on-campus natural area to engage first-year students. We assessed students' overall engagement level and retention of information conveyed across specific signs via a student-guided nature walk where students examined signs and answered both a pre- and post-activity survey, rated their favorite sign, and provided a short reflection on this outdoor activity. Students' responses indicated that they retained general information on specific signs, most notably regarding reptiles and what types of mammals are found around campus. Overall, students rated this activity as engaging, with 87.7% combined agreeing or strongly agreeing that signs helped them learn about the biodiversity and ecosystems on campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Toward Non-Taxonomic Structuring of Scientific Notions: The Case of the Language of Chemistry and the Environment †.
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Gotkova, Tomara, Ingrosso, Francesca, Mikhel, Polina, and Polguère, Alain
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CHEMICAL terminology ,LEXICOLOGY ,ENVIRONMENTAL chemistry ,ENVIRONMENTAL sciences ,LANGUAGE & languages ,PALEOANTHROPOLOGY - Abstract
This paper addresses the crucial question of the structuring of scientific Notions for the purpose of their proper teaching/acquisition. It aims to demonstrate that non-taxonomic structures, derived from the systematic lexicographic definition of terminological lexical units, can be rigorously constructed and are adequate for implementing a non-isolationist approach to terminology modeling: one that embeds the description of terminological units within a more global model of the general lexicon. Using theoretical and descriptive principles of Explanatory Combinatorial Lexicology and the lexicography of lexical networks known as Lexical Systems, we apply our approach to the core terminology of chemistry and chemistry-related environmental terminology. This allows us to propose Notion building road maps for three languages—English, French and Russian—that can be used as guides for the teaching/acquisition of chemistry Notions. Additionally, exploiting the special case of the noun carbon—which pertains to chemistry, environmental science and, even, general language—we demonstrate the potential of our non-isolationist approach for interfacing distinct sectors of terminological knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Consultative or participatory?: how environmental science graduate students envision transdisciplinarity.
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Engebretson, Jesse M., Piso, Zachary, O'Rourke, Michael, and Hall, Troy E.
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Transdisciplinarity — the inclusion of both the public and scientific community in knowledge construction and policy formation — is increasingly called upon to ameliorate wicked problems associated with social-ecological systems. Informed by previous scholarship, we propose that there is a spectrum from superficial to meaningful ways that public perception and knowledge are incorporated in transdisciplinary approaches to constructing knowledge and developing policy. Further, we argue that students in environmental science graduate programs hold beliefs not compatible with current recommendations related to transdisciplinary research and practice. Thus, the primary purpose of this paper is to describe how students imagine the ways in which transdisciplinarity ought to unfold, which can then serve as the foundation for the development of transdisciplinary curricula that meet them where they are. In this study, we used qualitative interviews to explore environmental science graduate students' perceptions of how public stakeholders and scientists ought to work together across four phases of transdisciplinary research: (1) conceptualizing the problem, (2) data collection, (3) analyzing and interpreting information, and (4) participating in decision-making. Our findings suggest that students generally believed that public stakeholders should be superficially included differentially across these phases. Using these findings, we suggest that university environmental science programs should utilize curricula that promote more participatory and meaningful transdisciplinarity across all four phases of transdisciplinary processes to train students to address fractious social-ecological issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. From Windy Day Stories to Wind Farms of the Future: Leveraging Student Resources to Make Sense of Phenomena with Data Puzzles.
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GRIFFITH, JONATHAN G., BRAATEN, MELISSA, DUBICK, ANN, and GOLD, ANNE U.
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WIND power plants ,WIND power ,MIDDLE school students ,PUZZLES ,SCIENCE students - Abstract
This article introduces the Data Puzzles instructional framework as a means to engage middle school students in the exploration of wind energy and its potential for future wind farm locations across the United States. By eliciting and leveraging student resources through an opening scenario that prompts personal experiences with wind, teachers can effectively connect students to abstract science phenomena and facilitate sensemaking. The Data Puzzles framework combines authentic scientific data sets with the Ambitious Science Teaching pedagogical practices to support students in constructing knowledge and addressing contemporary phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Designing Performance-Based Assessments That Engage!
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COPPENS, KATIE
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AUTHENTIC assessment ,PERFORMANCE-based design ,SCIENTIFIC knowledge ,STUDENT interests - Abstract
Rather than stressful, an assessment should feel like a celebration of learning for students. Performance-based assessments allow students to demonstrate their understanding of one or more standards by accomplishing tasks that are engaging and flexible in how students approach them. In addition to seeing students' scientific knowledge, teachers get a better sense of their students' interests and strengths that they bring to each open-ended assignment. Three examples of performance-based assessments are provided, as well as an explanation of the challenges and successes that come with this assessment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Accumulative Heat Stress in Ruminants at the Regional Scale under Changing Environmental Conditions.
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Aurambout, Jean-Philippe, Benke, Kurt K., and O'Leary, Garry J.
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EFFECT of stress on animals ,RUMINANTS ,HEALTH of sheep ,CLIMATE change & health ,SOLAR radiation ,TREE planting ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation - Abstract
Environmental heat stress is implicated in various animal health issues in ruminants, including reproduction rates, mortality rates, and animal physical quality. During extremely hot weather, there is often no overnight equilibration of animal temperature with its cooling effect, and the accumulated heat load becomes an important factor in animal health for ruminants such as sheep. Using the heat load index (HLI), a heat load model is used as an indicator of heat stress on an hourly basis and annually, using downscaling models for temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed, in both spatial and temporal cases, across several example sites in regional Victoria. Analysis is provided on the performance of the downscaling models and various adaptation and mitigation options are discussed and tested. These options include using different tree planting patterns to modify solar radiation exposure and wind effects, with mixed results because adding shading structures may also diminish the effect of wind-based cooling. The modelling experiments indicated that (1) heat stress is likely to increase under future climate conditions and could represent a serious threat to the health of small ruminants; (2) adaptation measures by means of tree planting to provide shade may not be sufficient to alleviate projected heat stress; and (3) other adaptation measures will need to be considered. Indicative results for heat stress under potential future environments are provided for 2030, 2050, and 2070. Also discussed is the performance of wind speed modelling, and the effect of heat stress on animal growth and ram fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Assessment of Community Sensitivity to Air Pollution and Its Health Effects in Some Cities in Nigeria
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Agatha Alami Adione, Emmanuel Olayimika Sangotayo, and Moses Abiodun Olojede
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air quality ,community health ,environmental science ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Air pollution is a significant problem in Nigeria due to its negative effects on human health. This study is an empirical investigation into how local populations in Nigeria evaluate the impact of air pollution on public health. A structured questionnaire was used and distributed via an online Google form. One hundred thirty respondents provided information regarding the relationship between air pollution and its health effects in 6 cities in Nigeria. The analysis utilized descriptive and inferential statistics, and the data was statistically evaluated using the chi-square and ANOVA with a 95% confidence level. The mean and standard deviation values of respondent’s sex are 65 and 84.8, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the respondent’s age are 43 and 35 years, where 4% were female (n = 5) and 96% were male (n = 125). The two inferential statistics revealed that the city did not significantly influence the health treatment, whereas the health treatment preferences were significantly affected by the city and the age range. Respondents are aware of air pollution in their communities and acknowledge that it is widespread; 41% of respondents strongly concurred and 55% agreed that air pollution and its adverse effects on health are prevalent. Consequently, people’s health will deteriorate and air pollution will negatively impact public health due to the significant health hazard. Public health is being seriously endangered as a direct result of the threats that are posed by airborne contaminants.
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- 2023
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23. A new simulation framework to evaluate the suitability of eDNA for marine and aquatic Environmental Impact Assessments
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Jennifer Coston‐Guarini, Shawn Hinz, Luca Mirimin, and Jean‐Marc Guarini
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decision theory ,DNA, environmental ,environmental science ,EIA ,heuristic approach ,human activities ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Microbial ecology ,QR100-130 - Abstract
Abstract A model was developed to forecast and compare changes in species presence assessed with either eDNA or traditional observations. We use it to explore how ecosystem conditions could affect the suitability of eDNA for Environmental Impact Assessment. First, a deterministic model simulated the dynamics of the impacted population (called “receptor” in EIA) and their shed DNA fragment concentrations. Second, random distributions of receptor organisms and eDNA fragment quantities at steady state were simulated within the impacted spatial domain (called “project area”). Then, simple random samplings were performed for both the receptor and eDNA. Third, post‐sampling processes (eDNA extraction, amplification, and analysis) were simulated to estimate the taxon detection probability. Fourth, we simulated an impact by modifying the growth, mortality, and mobility (null, passive, and active) parameters of the receptor taxon. eDNA detection probability curves were then estimated for a range of environmental sample volumes by fitting a Weibull cumulative distribution function. A F‐like statistic compared detection curves before and after impact. Statistically significant differences were detected with eDNA in impact scenarios where receptor taxon growth rate decreased and receptor mobility was null or passive. In scenarios where the project area accumulates DNA shed from multiple categories of the same taxon (e.g., from dead organisms if mortality increased or when individuals can cross project area boundaries), it is difficult to assess impact. Our study shows that results obtained from eDNA sampling will not always agree with an impact classically assessed on a receptor population. One reason is that sources of the total eDNA pool are not identified. The modeling highlights the need: to do preliminary testing of sample sizes, to develop new approaches that will identify sources from the pool of extracted DNA, and to improve descriptions of the ecogeochemical processes required to forecast shed DNA reactivity.
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- 2023
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24. Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Cần Thơ
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agricultural sciences ,biological sciences ,engineering ,environmental science ,social sciences ,business and management ,Science - Published
- 2024
25. Frontiers in Environmental Health
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environmental science ,epidemiology ,toxicology ,occupational health ,environmental health ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Published
- 2024
26. Shuitu Baochi Xuebao
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environmental science ,soil science ,agriculture ,sustainable development ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Agriculture - Published
- 2024
27. Daqi yu huanjing guangxue xuebao
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optics ,atmosphere ,environmental science ,remote sensing ,Optics. Light ,QC350-467 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Published
- 2024
28. Making climate reanalysis and CMIP6 data processing easy: two 'point-and-click' cloud based user interfaces for environmental and ecological studies
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James M. Lea, Robert N. L. Fitt, Stephen Brough, Georgia Carr, Jonathan Dick, Natasha Jones, and Richard J. Webster
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environmental science ,ecology ,climate reanalysis data ,climate projection data ,google earth engine ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Climate reanalysis and climate projection datasets offer the potential for researchers, students and instructors to access physically informed, global scale, temporally and spatially continuous climate data from the latter half of the 20th century to present, and explore different potential future climates. While these data are of significant use to research and teaching within biological, environmental and social sciences, potential users often face barriers to processing and accessing the data that cannot be overcome without specialist knowledge, facilities or assistance. Consequently, climate reanalysis and projection data are currently substantially under-utilised within research and education communities. To address this issue, we present two simple “point-and-click” graphical user interfaces: the Google Earth Engine Climate Tool (GEEClimT), providing access to climate reanalysis data products; and Google Earth Engine CMIP6 Explorer (GEECE), allowing processing and extraction of CMIP6 projection data, including the ability to create custom model ensembles. Together GEEClimT and GEECE provide easy access to over 387 terabytes of data that can be output in commonly used spreadsheet (CSV) or raster (GeoTIFF) formats to aid subsequent offline analysis. Data included in the two tools include: 20 atmospheric, terrestrial and oceanic reanalysis data products; a new dataset of annual resolution climate variables (comparable to WorldClim) calculated from ERA5-Land data for 1950-2022; and CMIP6 climate projection output for 34 model simulations for historical, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. New data products can also be easily added to the tools as they become available within the Google Earth Engine Data Catalog. Five case studies that use data from both tools are also provided. These show that GEEClimT and GEECE are easily expandable tools that remove multiple barriers to entry that will open use of climate reanalysis and projection data to a new and wider range of users.
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- 2024
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29. Novel pollution prevention process for regulating industrial wastewater for better protection of the environment and public health
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William Ejuvweyerome Odiete
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Environmental protection ,Environmental damage ,Wastewater effluent ,Regulatory effluent limit ,Polluttion load ,Environmental science ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Regulating the concentrations of pollutants in industrial wastewater through wastewater treatment as practiced worldwide without regulating their pollution loads and wastewater discharge rate alongside, is not enough for protection of the environment and public health. This work investigated why some companies in the Niger Delta do not treat their wastewater; with the aim of providing a solution. The aforesaid prompted this work to invent the “Novel Pollution Prevention Process for Regulating Industrial Wastewater” introducing additional controls namely pollution load and wastewater discharge rate controls for better protection of the environment and public health. Questionnaire survey, wastewater analysis, discharge rate measurement, mathematical modeling and design were the methods adopted. Results revealed that pollution load and wastewater discharge rate should be regulated alongside concentrations of pollutants. Results showed that cost is the major factor responsible for the inability of some companies to treat their wastewater in the Niger Delta. Results revealed that pollution load is a qualitative measure of environmental damage caused by a pollutant and that the larger the pollution load, the larger the environmental damage and vice versa. Results showed that industry can apply the novel pollution prevention process to determine the environmentally-friendly wastewater discharge rate, environmentally-friendly pollution load of pollutants and the corresponding production rate of finished goods. Results revealed that when the concentration of a pollutant in industrial wastewater is not compliant and discharge rate is excessive, pollution load control can protect the environment and public health while regulatory agencies take appropriate measures to make the company comply with the allowable concentration limits of the pollutant. The “novel pollution prevention process for regulating industrial wastewater” has global applicability. It can be applied in every country.
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- 2024
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30. A promising method for fast identification of microplastic particles in environmental samples: A pilot study using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
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Maximilian Wohlschläger, Martin Versen, Martin G.J. Löder, and Christian Laforsch
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Microplastics ,Material identification ,Environmental science ,Fluorescence lifetime ,FD-FLIM ,Fluorescence microscopy ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Microplastic pollution of the environment has been extensively studied, with recent studies focusing on the prevalence of microplastics in the environment and their effects on various organisms. Identification methods that simplify the extraction and analysis process to the point where the extraction can be omitted are being investigated, thus enabling the direct identification of microplastic particles. Currently, microplastic samples from environmental matrices can only be identified using time-consuming extraction, sample processing, and analytical methods. Various spectroscopic methods are currently employed, such as micro Fourier-transform infrared, attenuated total reflectance, and micro Raman spectroscopy. However, microplastics in environmental matrices cannot be directly identified using these spectroscopic methods. Investigations using frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) to identify and differentiate plastics from environmental materials have yielded promising results for directly identifying microplastics in an environmental matrix. Herein, two artificially prepared environmental matrices that included natural soil, grass, wood, and high-density polyethylene were investigated using FD-FLIM. Our first results showed that we successfully identified one plastic type in the two artificially prepared matrices using FD-FLIM. However, further research must be conducted to improve the FD-FLIM method and explore its limitations for directly identifying microplastics in environmental samples.
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- 2024
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31. Shuitu baochi tongbao
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agriculture ,environmental science ,soil science ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Published
- 2024
32. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
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environmental science ,tourism ,hospitality management ,environmental management ,environmental economics ,tourism economics ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Published
- 2024
33. Addressing the different paces of climate and air quality combustion emissions across the world
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Fabio Monforti-Ferrario, Monica Crippa, and Enrico Pisoni
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Environmental science ,Environmental policy ,Energy policy ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Greenhouse gases (GHG) and air pollutants (AP) share several anthropic sources but evolve differently in time across the various regions of the globe. Fossil and biological fuel combustion is by far the single process producing the highest amounts of both types of compounds. We have analyzed the paces of change of both GHG and AP emissions across the world and in some selected highly emitting regions using purposely designed indicators.We have observed that, overall, combustion processes are generally producing a lower amount of pollutants per unit of GHG emitted in 2018 than in 1970, with the noticeable exception of ammonia emissions in transport. Nevertheless, comparing countries at different development levels, evidence of possible further improvement clearly emerges, depending on the technological evolution of the most important emitting sectors and on the implementation of appropriate control measures and policies.
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- 2024
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34. The impacts of thermal heterogeneity across microhabitats on post-settlement selection of intertidal mussels
- Author
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Yue Tan, Yong-Xu Sun, Ya-Jie Zhu, Ming-Ling Liao, and Yun-Wei Dong
- Subjects
Marine organism ,Environmental science ,Aquatic science ,Zoology ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Rapid genetic selection is critical for allowing natural populations to adapt to different thermal environments such as those that occur across intertidal microhabitats with high degrees of thermal heterogeneity. To address the question of how thermal regimes influence selection and adaptation in the intertidal black mussel Mytilisepta virgata, we continuously recorded environmental temperatures in both tidal pools and emergent rock microhabitats and then assessed genetic differentiation, gene expression patterns, RNA editing level, and cardiac performance. Our results showed that the subpopulations in the tidal pool and on emergent rocks had different genetic structures and exhibited different physiological and molecular responses to high-temperature stress. These results indicate that environmental heterogeneity across microhabitats is important for driving genetic differentiation and shed light on the importance of post-settlement selection for adaptively modifying the genetic composition and thermal responses of these intertidal mussels.
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- 2023
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35. Promoting systems thinking through perspective taking when using an online modeling tool
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Rebecca C. Jordan, Steven Gray, Alita Boyse-Peacor, Amanda E. Sorensen, Cynthia McPherson Frantz, Johanna Jauernig, Paul Brehm, Md Rumi Shammin, and John Petersen
- Subjects
systems thinking ,perspective taking ,model based learning ,life science ,environmental science ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
IntroductionDisagreements between people on different sides of popular issues in STEM are often rooted in differences in “mental models,” which include both rational and emotional cognitive associations about the issue; especially given these issues are systemic in nature.MethodsIn the research described here, we employ the fuzzy cognitive mapping software MentalModeler (developed by one of the authors)1 as a tool for articulating implicit and explicit assumptions about one’s knowledge of both the environmental and social science and values underpinning complex system related issues. More specifically, we test the assumption that this pedagogical approach will foster certain aspects of perspective taking that can be traced with cognitive development and systems thinking as students not only articulate their own understanding of an issue, but also articulate the view of others.Results and discussionResults are discussed with respect to systems thinking that is developed through this type of modeling.
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- 2023
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36. Hybridization and adaptive introgression in a marine invasive species in native habitats
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José Martin Pujolar, Denise Breitburg, Joanna Lee, Mary Beth Decker, and Cornelia Jaspers
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Environmental science ,Nature conservation ,Evolutionary biology ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Hybridization of distinct populations or species is an important evolutionary driving force. For invasive species, hybridization can enhance their competitive advantage as a source of adaptive novelty by introgression of selectively favored alleles. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays we assess genetic diversity and population structure in the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in native habitats. Hybrids are present at the distribution border of two lineages, especially in highly fluctuating environments including very low salinities, while hybrids occur at lower frequency in stable high-saline habitats. Analyses of hybridization status suggest that hybrids thriving in variable environments are selected for, while they are selected against in stable habitats. Translocation of hybrids might accelerate invasion success in non-native habitats. This could be especially relevant for M. leidyi as low salinity limits its invasion range in western Eurasia. Although hybridization status is currently disregarded, it could determine high-risk areas where ballast water exchange should be prevented.
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- 2023
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37. Direct entry of micro(nano)plastics into human blood circulatory system by intravenous infusion
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Penghui Li, Qingcun Li, Yujian Lai, Shuping Yang, Sujuan Yu, Rui Liu, Guibin Jiang, and Jingfu Liu
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Health sciences ,Environmental science ,Pollution ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Understanding the pathways of human exposure to micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) is crucial for assessing their health impacts. Intravenous infusion can induce MNPs direct entry into the human blood, posing serious risks on human health, but remains unclear. Herein, we developed comprehensive analytical methods to detect polyvinyl chloride (PVC) MNPs down to 20 nm, and found about 0.52 μg equal to 105–1011 particles of PVC-MNPs released from intravenous infusion products (IVIPs) during each intravenous infusion of 250 mL injection. The released amounts of MNPs from IVIPs were dependent on the plastic materials, and the injection volume and composition. These findings indicated that the released MNPs should be directly introduced into the human blood circulatory system, causing serious impacts on human health. Our study reveals a previously ignored but important pathway of human exposure to MNPs, and calls for further research on the potential risks of these MNPs on human health.
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- 2023
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38. A multi-organ maize metabolic model connects temperature stress with energy production and reducing power generation
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Niaz Bahar Chowdhury, Margaret Simons-Senftle, Berengere Decouard, Isabelle Quillere, Martine Rigault, Karuna Anna Sajeevan, Bibek Acharya, Ratul Chowdhury, Bertrand Hirel, Alia Dellagi, Costas Maranas, and Rajib Saha
- Subjects
Environmental science ,Microbial metabolism ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Climate change has adversely affected maize productivity. Thereby, a holistic understanding of metabolic crosstalk among its organs is important to address this issue. Thus, we reconstructed the first multi-organ maize metabolic model, iZMA6517, and contextualized it with heat and cold stress transcriptomics data using expression distributed reaction flux measurement (EXTREAM) algorithm. Furthermore, implementing metabolic bottleneck analysis on contextualized models revealed differences between these stresses. While both stresses had reducing power bottlenecks, heat stress had additional energy generation bottlenecks. We also performed thermodynamic driving force analysis, revealing thermodynamics-reducing power-energy generation axis dictating the nature of temperature stress responses. Thus, a temperature-tolerant maize ideotype can be engineered by leveraging the proposed thermodynamics-reducing power-energy generation axis. We experimentally inoculated maize root with a beneficial mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, and as a proof-of-concept demonstrated its efficacy in alleviating temperature stress. Overall, this study will guide the engineering effort of temperature stress-tolerant maize ideotypes.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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39. Adaptation cannot keep pace with projected temperature increase
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Shuai Chen, Jie-Sheng Tan-Soo, and Hai-Jian Ye
- Subjects
Earth sciences ,Climatology ,Environmental science ,Environmental health ,Science - Abstract
Summary: An emerging argument is that since humans can readily adapt to changing climatic conditions, there is less need to pursue aggressive emissions mitigation strategies. As temperature adaptation is a function of repeated exposure over time, we need empirical approaches that can depict individuals’ temperature history to rigorously examine this claim. Using a longitudinal dataset representative of China, we construct lifetime temperature exposure unique to each individual based on their birth-dates, birth-locations, and movement history. We show that a 1°C increase in individualized temperature anomalies cause a 2% decrease in 1 standard deviation (S.D.) of well-being, where most of the impacts are driven by “hotter-than-expected” weather. In turn, while the adverse impacts of future temperature changes wane after accommodating for adaptation, acclimatization is unlikely to keep pace with future temperature increases except in the net-zero emissions scenario, indicating that stringent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cuts are still needed even in this less-pessimistic scenario.
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- 2023
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40. Aggravated exposure risks of children to multipath transmitted pathogens in indoor environments
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Zhijian Liu, Lina Hu, Chenxing Hu, Qian Liu, Zhenyu Liang, Rui Rong, and Haiyang Liu
- Subjects
Environmental science ,Health sciences ,Pathogenic organism ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Considering the significance of multipath transmissions of respiratory pathogens in the post-epidemic era, surprisingly little is acknowledged regarding the susceptibility, short-term aerodynamics, and exposure risk of children in indoor environments. Here, experimental and computational investigations were conducted to evaluate the exposure risks associated with respiratory pathogens. The dominant effect of recirculation structure originating from indoor ventilation, including air supply modes and air change rate, on aerosol dispersion was quantitatively proved. A large proportion of deposited aerosol particles was captured by the human body, and deposited particles may further increase under high air change rate, which required a balanced ventilation strategy. Little discrepancies existed between adults and children in exposure risk by airborne transmission. The infection probability by contact transmission for children, however, may be surprisingly high due to high frequency in interactive activities, deposition on upper and lower limbs of accompanying parents, and the wall within arm span.
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- 2023
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41. Multi-scenario reduction pathways and decoupling analysis of China’s sectoral carbon emissions
- Author
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Kaile Zhou, Jingna Yang, Hui Yin, and Tao Ding
- Subjects
Environmental science ,Environmental policy ,Environmental issues ,Science - Abstract
Summary: To achieve its goal of carbon emissions peak and neutrality, China requires synergistic efforts across all sectors. In this study, three scenarios—baseline, policy, and green low-carbon—were developed to explore the pathways for China’s emissions reduction across sectors from 2020 to 2060, and the timing of decoupling economic growth from CO2. The results showed that, under these scenarios, China’s carbon emissions peak in 2030, 2026, and 2025, with strong decoupling time, lagged one year behind peak attainment. The agriculture, forestry, livestock, and fishing (AFH) and mining and quarrying (MQ) sectors would be the first to achieve a carbon peak. Under all three scenarios, all of the other sectors—with the exception of electricity, gas, and water production and supply (EGW)—will achieve a carbon peak by 2030. Therefore, policymakers should set carbon peak goals based on sector characteristics and ensure energy security in the process of achieving carbon neutrality.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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42. Air pollutants in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary tuberculosis: A mediation analysis of gene-specific methylation
- Author
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Qiao Liu, Ye Ji, Li Wang, Zhongqi Li, Bilin Tao, Limei Zhu, Wei Lu, Leonardo Martinez, Yi Zeng, and Jianming Wang
- Subjects
disease ,environmental science ,pollution ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Particulate matter (PM) exposure could alter the risk of tuberculosis, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. We enrolled 132 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and 30 controls. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected from all participants to detect organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metal elements, and DNA methylation of immunity-related genes. We observed that γ-HCH, Bap, Sr, Ag, and Sn were related to an increased risk of PTB, while Cu and Ba had a negative effect. IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-2, and IL-23 had a higher level in the PTB group, while IL-4 was lower. The methylation of 18 CpG sites was statistically associated with PTB risk. The methylation at the IL-4_06_121 site showed a significant mediating role on γ-HCH, Sr, and Sn. Our study suggests that PM exposure can increase the risk of tuberculosis by affecting DNA methylation and cytokine expression.
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- 2023
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43. Distribution characteristics and potential risks of bioaerosols during scattered farming
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Xuezheng Yu, Yunping Han, Jianguo Liu, Yingnan Cao, Ying Wang, Zixuan Wang, Jinxin Lyu, Ziyu Zhou, Ying Yan, and Yuxiang Zhang
- Subjects
Environmental science ,Microbiology ,Applied sciences ,Agricultural science ,Science - Abstract
Summary: In most economically underdeveloped areas, scattered farming and human‒livestock cohabitation are common. However, production of bioaerosols and their potential harm in these areas have not been previously researched. In this study, bioaerosol characteristics were analyzed in scattered farming areas in rural Northwest China. The highest bacteria, fungi, and Enterobacteria concentrations were 125609 ± 467 CFU/m³, 25175 ± 10305 CFU/m³, and 4167 ± 592 CFU/m³, respectively. Most bioaerosols had particle sizes >3.3 μm. A total of 71 bacterial genera and 16 fungal genera of potential pathogens were identified, including zoonotic potential pathogenic genera. Moreover, our findings showed that the scattered farming pattern of human‒animal cohabitation can affect the indoor air environment in the surrounding area, leading to chronic respiratory diseases in the occupants. Therefore, relevant government departments and farmers should enhance their awareness of bioaerosol risks and consider measures that may be taken to reduce them.
- Published
- 2023
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44. Building Multidisciplinary System for Heritage Conservation with Environment as Focal Point
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Wang, Xiufeng, Pu, Hongshu, and Jin, Xiaoxue
- Published
- 2023
45. Resistance to Coastal Climate Adaptation and Mitigation in New Jersey: A Case Study of Coastal Sand Dunes after Hurricane Sandy
- Author
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Heckman, Jessica Christine
- Subjects
Environmental science ,coast ,dunes ,sandy - Abstract
Coastal areas of the United States utilize many strategies to adapt to the effects of climate change, such as sea level rise and strong storms. These strategies can include hard infrastructure, like sea walls, or nature-based solutions, such as coastal sand dunes. After Hurricane Sandy hit, the state of New Jersey aimed to utilize coastal sand dunes to prevent damage from future storms. However, this decision created contention among residents as to whether dunes were the best solution for the Jersey Shore. This thesis utilized media analysis of news articles published in the years after Sandy to identify the root and the motivations behind the resistance to dunes cited in news articles and understand how media covered these dune “battles.” Ultimately, the resistance as it was covered in the media had a varied array of motivations, including aesthetic concerns and apprehension from residents regarding government seizure and use of their properties. Exclusion and violent language played vital roles in the reporting done surrounding these dune battles and Sandy recovery, which potentially shaped residents’ experiences and feelings towards dunes as a coastal protection solution. These findings will help guide future dune implementation efforts in response to growing coastal, climate-related concerns.
- Published
- 2024
46. Classification of Overlapping Bird Songs Using Spectogram-keypoint Based Analysis
- Author
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Stockard, Dylan
- Subjects
Environmental science - Abstract
Wildlife biologists often rely on classification models to automate the labelling process of audio data that they collect in the wild. Bird populations are often a subject of interest in audio data, and tens to hundreds of species can be tracked in population-dense areas such as the Amazon rainforest. However, these population-dense environments also pose the issue of heavy noise, distortion, and overlapping bird calls to be classified. By transforming audio signals into their spectrogram form in the frequency domain, we can identify keypoints in the spectrogram signal by passing a sliding window over the signal and finding the local maxima. Describing an audio signal by its keypoint-spectrogram can result in higher classification accuracy for overlapping bird calls when passed as input to a CNN than if the entirety of the audio spectrogram were to be used.
- Published
- 2024
47. On the transport mechanisms, ecological interactions and fate of microplastics in aquatic environments
- Author
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Mendrik, Freija, Parsons, Daniel R., Hackney, Christopher R., and Waller, Cath
- Subjects
Geography ,Environmental science - Abstract
Microplastics are now persistent throughout aquatic systems globally and can cause a range of ecological damage. The transport of microplastics is influenced by the polymer type, in addition to physical, biological, and chemical gradients plastic particles move through as they are transported across freshwater to marine environments. The combined influence of these mechanisms on microplastic fate is largely unquantified, which prevents identification of accumulation zones and the related development of effective mitigation measures. This research applies a multidisciplinary approach that combines innovative experiments and physical modelling with detailed fieldwork to quantify the main factors influencing microplastic transport and fate. Using a suite of novel settling experiments, biofouling is shown to be a principal factor affecting microplastic deposition through changes in specific density. Yet settling regimes differ depending on polymer and shape as well as ambient sediment and salinity concentrations. To understand particle distribution further, abundances and fluxes of microplastics within a large river system are coupled with hydrological data to explore how microplastics are transported through the vertical water column , finding that most are dispersed below the water surface, yet concentration is dependent on seasonal discharge. Finally, the role of complex coastal ecosystems as a sink for microplastics is investigated in a hydraulic flume under a range of flow conditions. It is shown, for the first time, that microplastic trapping efficiency could be high for both sparse and dense coral canopies due to a reduction in streamwise velocities causing settling on, within, and behind coral structures. It is concluded that although sediment laws can provide a basic understanding of microplastic transport, a new generation of microplastic transport regimes is needed. The findings from the thesis enhance our knowledge of the complex mechanisms that govern microplastic transport and fate in aquatic environments and this new understanding is contextualised in terms of their broad ecological implications.
- Published
- 2022
48. Accumulative Heat Stress in Ruminants at the Regional Scale under Changing Environmental Conditions
- Author
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Jean-Philippe Aurambout, Kurt K. Benke, and Garry J. O’Leary
- Subjects
environmental science ,infrastructure engineering ,landscape design ,sheep ,climate change ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Environmental heat stress is implicated in various animal health issues in ruminants, including reproduction rates, mortality rates, and animal physical quality. During extremely hot weather, there is often no overnight equilibration of animal temperature with its cooling effect, and the accumulated heat load becomes an important factor in animal health for ruminants such as sheep. Using the heat load index (HLI), a heat load model is used as an indicator of heat stress on an hourly basis and annually, using downscaling models for temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed, in both spatial and temporal cases, across several example sites in regional Victoria. Analysis is provided on the performance of the downscaling models and various adaptation and mitigation options are discussed and tested. These options include using different tree planting patterns to modify solar radiation exposure and wind effects, with mixed results because adding shading structures may also diminish the effect of wind-based cooling. The modelling experiments indicated that (1) heat stress is likely to increase under future climate conditions and could represent a serious threat to the health of small ruminants; (2) adaptation measures by means of tree planting to provide shade may not be sufficient to alleviate projected heat stress; and (3) other adaptation measures will need to be considered. Indicative results for heat stress under potential future environments are provided for 2030, 2050, and 2070. Also discussed is the performance of wind speed modelling, and the effect of heat stress on animal growth and ram fertility.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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49. Toward Non-Taxonomic Structuring of Scientific Notions: The Case of the Language of Chemistry and the Environment
- Author
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Tomara Gotkova, Francesca Ingrosso, Polina Mikhel, and Alain Polguère
- Subjects
Explanatory Combinatorial Lexicology ,lexicographic definition ,core terminology ,chemistry ,environmental science ,taxonomy ,Language and Literature - Abstract
This paper addresses the crucial question of the structuring of scientific Notions for the purpose of their proper teaching/acquisition. It aims to demonstrate that non-taxonomic structures, derived from the systematic lexicographic definition of terminological lexical units, can be rigorously constructed and are adequate for implementing a non-isolationist approach to terminology modeling: one that embeds the description of terminological units within a more global model of the general lexicon. Using theoretical and descriptive principles of Explanatory Combinatorial Lexicology and the lexicography of lexical networks known as Lexical Systems, we apply our approach to the core terminology of chemistry and chemistry-related environmental terminology. This allows us to propose Notion building road maps for three languages—English, French and Russian—that can be used as guides for the teaching/acquisition of chemistry Notions. Additionally, exploiting the special case of the noun carbon—which pertains to chemistry, environmental science and, even, general language—we demonstrate the potential of our non-isolationist approach for interfacing distinct sectors of terminological knowledge.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Invisible women: Gender representation in high school science courses across Australia.
- Author
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Ross, Kathryn, Galaudage, Shanika, Clark, Tegan, Lowson, Nataliea, Battisti, Andrew, Adam, Helen, Ross, Alexandra K, and Sweaney, Nici
- Subjects
- *
HIGH school curriculum , *WOMEN in science , *GENDER , *SCIENTIFIC discoveries , *ENVIRONMENTAL sciences - Abstract
The visibility of female role models in science is vital for engaging and retaining women in scientific fields. In this study, we analyse four senior secondary science courses delivered across the states and territories in Australia: Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science, and Physics. We compared male and female representation within the science courses by examining the mentions of male and female scientists along with the context of their inclusions in the syllabuses. We find a clear gender bias with only one unique mention of a female scientist. We also find a clear Eurocentric focus and narrow representation of scientists. This bias will contribute to the continuing low engagement of women in scientific fields. We outline possible solutions to address this issue, including the accreditation of scientific discoveries to include female scientists and explicit discussion of structural barriers preventing the participation and progression of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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